{"id":6449,"date":"2018-08-12T22:33:59","date_gmt":"2018-08-12T14:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chinado.cn\/?p=6449"},"modified":"2018-08-12T22:33:59","modified_gmt":"2018-08-12T14:33:59","slug":"%e6%88%91%e5%9b%bd%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e4%b8%9a%e9%ab%98%e8%b4%a8%e9%87%8f%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e7%9a%84%e6%88%98%e7%95%a5%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdo.develpress.com\/?p=6449","title":{"rendered":"\u6211\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6218\u7565\u601d\u8003"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u5218 \u5955<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u515a\u7684\u5341\u4e5d\u5927\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5df2\u7531\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u8f6c\u5411\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u8d28\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u3001\u6548\u76ca\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d28\u91cf\u53d8\u9769\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ece\u9ad8\u901f\u589e\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\u8f6c\u5411\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u6784\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5f20\u5411\u8d28\u91cf\u63d0\u5347\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c \u8f6c\u578b\u5347\u7ea7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee5\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f9d\u6258\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5398\u6e05\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u670d\u52a1\u5316\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u51cf\u901f\u3001\u62d6\u7d2f\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5417\uff1f\u4e8c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u670d\u52a1\u5316\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u3002<span class=\"s1\">Fuchs<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">1968<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ece\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6295\u5165\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u603b\u6295\u5165\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u4ea7\u503c\u770b\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7387\u5728\u4e09\u5927\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e2d\u662f\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c \u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u957f\u671f\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u75c5\u6001\u884c\u4e1a\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u589e\u957f\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7d20\u8d28\u63d0\u9ad8\u660e\u663e\u5feb\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u5360\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6bd4\u91cd\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u5411\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdf\u6ede\u201d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\uff0c \u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u7f13\u6574\u4f53\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u589e\u957f\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9488\u5bf9\u53d1\u8fbe\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u5f0a\u75c5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982<span class=\"s1\">Schreyer<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2001<\/span>\uff09\u5bf9<span class=\"s1\">1961<\/span>\u2014<span class=\"s1\">1973<\/span>\u5e74\u548c<span class=\"s1\">1974<\/span>\u2014<span class=\"s1\">1992<\/span>\u5e74<span class=\"s1\">OECD<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7531<span class=\"s1\">3.25%<\/span>\u4e0b\u964d\u4e3a<span class=\"s1\">1.09%<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u671f\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5219\u4ece<span class=\"s1\">4.41%<\/span>\u4e0b\u964d\u5230<span class=\"s1\">1.81%<\/span>\uff1b\u968f\u7740\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6bd4\u91cd\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u4e5f\u4ece<span class=\"s1\">1954-1973<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span class=\"s1\">1.3%<\/span>\u4e0b\u964d\u5230\u4e86<span class=\"s1\">1979<\/span>\u2014<span class=\"s1\">1993<\/span>\u5e74\u7684<span class=\"s1\">0.7% <\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Hornstein and Krusell\uff0c1996<\/span>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u867d\u7136\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u662f\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8001\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u56f4\u7ed5\u6211\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u6d4b\u5ea6\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7279\u522b\u591a\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u5f62\u6027\u3001\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u50a8\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8d38\u6613\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u65e0\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u4f4e\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f13\u6162\uff1b\u7279\u522b\u662f<span class=\"s1\">2008<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c \u6211\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u6bd4\u91cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7b49\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u663e\u8457\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u653e\u7f13\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7ee7\u7eed\u9f13\u52b1\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6000\u7591\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u81f3\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3a\u907f\u514d\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u51cf\u901f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u653e\u6162\u7ecf\u6d4e\u670d\u52a1\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8d2f\u5f7b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u5ff5\u548c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5398\u6e05\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u670d\u52a1\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u901f\u51cf\u6162\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u589e\u957f\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u9500\u552e\u670d\u52a1\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\u884c\u4e1a\u6784\u6210\u5e9e\u6742\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u7eaf\u52b3\u52a8\u578b\u201d\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c \u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6280\u672f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u66f4\u5305\u62ec\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff1b\u6b63\u56e0\u884c\u4e1a\u95f4\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\uff0c\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u5f0a\u75c5\u5fc5\u987b\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\u770b\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f9d\u6258\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u827a\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u9012\u9001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u9762\u5bf9\u9762\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0a\u6da8\u7f13\u6162\u751a\u81f3\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0a\u6da8\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e0a\u6da8\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5728\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u6bd4\u91cd\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u786e\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u91cf\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u5347\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5feb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u670d\u52a1\u884c\u4e1a\u5177\u5907\u4e86\u6280\u672f\u542b\u91cf\u9ad8\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u663e\u8457\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u5feb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u662f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Gadrey \u548cGallouj\uff0c2002<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u6d6a\u6f6e\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u6700\u591a\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\uff1b\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u65b0\u884c\u4e1a\u3001\u65b0\u4e1a\u6001\u3001\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\u4e5f\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\u3002<span class=\"s1\">Buera and Kaboski<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2012<\/span>\uff09 \u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8bc4\u8bba\u300b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c06<span class=\"s1\">1950<\/span>\u2014<span class=\"s1\">2000<\/span>\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u4ef7\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u683c\u548c\u5e73\u51cf\u8fc7\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u663e\u8457\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u540d\u4e49\u589e\u957f\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u589e\u957f\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u9ad8\u6280\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u663e\u8457\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f4e\u6280\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u589e\u52a0\u503c\u5360\u6bd4\u5219\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u5546\u69b7\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c \u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u4e8e\u754c\u5b9a\u548c\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4ea7\u51fa\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u53cd\u6620\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u8d28\u91cf\u6539\u8fdb\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u65e0\u529b\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u533b\u7597\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u591a\u5c11\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">21<\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5728\u6cbb\u6108\u67d0\u4e00\u75c5\u75c7\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u533b\u751f\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u80fd\u7528\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u624b\u6bb5\u633d\u6551\u751f\u547d\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u75c5\u4eba\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u589e\u957f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f53\u7cfb\u65e0\u6cd5\u771f\u5b9e\u53cd\u6620\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5965\u5c14\u987f\u5b9a\u7406\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u9c8d\u83ab\u5c14\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c \u5982\u679c\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u505c\u6ede\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3a\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u884c\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u4ece\u9ad8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u90e8\u95e8\u5411\u4f4e\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u6c34\u5e73\uff08<span class=\"s1\">Oulton,1999<\/span>\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e94\u533a\u5206\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u54c1\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5bf9\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u6210\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u90e8\u95e8\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u589e\u957f\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c \u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6bd4\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6ede\u7559\u4e8e\u9971\u548c\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u9690\u6027\u5931\u4e1a\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5173\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u8de8\u90e8\u95e8\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u7559\u5728\u90e8\u95e8\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u6269\u5f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9ad8\u4f30\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7b49\u5c31\u4e1a\u4efd\u989d\u840e\u7f29\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u589e\u957f\u3002<span class=\"s1\">Young<\/span>\uff08<span class=\"s2\">2014<\/span>\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u653e\u677e\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c \u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u5f39\u6027\u4e3a\u8d1f\u503c\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u9009\u62e9\u6548\u5e94\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u7d22\u6d1b\u4f59\u503c\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u6838\u7b97\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5176\u4ed6<span class=\"s1\">18<\/span>\u4e2a<span class=\"s1\">OECD<\/span>\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff08<span class=\"s2\">Young\uff082014\uff09\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u6837\u672c\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5206\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u54c1\u4e1a\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u519c\u4e1a<\/span>\uff09 \u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u589e\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u6210\u672c\u75c5\u662f\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u8bef\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u63a8\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u5b9e\u65bd\u521b\u65b0\u9a71\u52a8\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u57f9\u80b2\u65b0\u7684\u589e\u957f\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u5728\u5927\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u8de8\u754c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u79d1\u6280\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6539\u9020\u4f20\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u5347\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u7684\u5168\u8981\u7d20\u751f\u4ea7\u7387\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c \u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u5728\u4e8e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u878d\u5408\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u8f6c\u578b\u5347\u7ea7\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">1.\u4ea7\u4e1a\u878d\u5408\u3002\u968f\u7740\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5185\u6db5\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u968f\u7740\u667a\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bf9\u4ef7\u503c\u5171\u521b\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5c97\u4f4d\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u52a0\u751f\u4ea7\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u52a1\u3001\u9500\u552e\u76f8\u5173\u3001\u884c\u653f\u652f\u6301\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53ca\u4f1a\u8ba1\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u5c97\u4f4d\uff1b<span class=\"s1\">2012<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7684\u5927\u7ea6\u5360\u5230<span class=\"s1\">1\/3<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ca\u7535\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1b\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u5f97\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u9650\u65e5\u76ca\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u52a0\u4e4b\u6211\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u5927\u800c\u5168\u3001\u5c0f\u800c\u5168\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c \u90e8\u5206\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u5728\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u81ea\u6211\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5265\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\uff0c\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u4f60\u4e2d\u6709\u6211\u3001\u6211\u4e2d\u6709\u4f60\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5c31\u66f4\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u670d\u52a1\u4e1a\u5bf9\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u4f01\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\uff0c 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style=\"text-indent:2em;\" 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