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class=\"p1\">\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u5728\u5bfc\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\u575a\u6301\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f18\u5148\u201d\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u4ee5\u201c\u6709\u539f\u5219\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d \uff08<span class=\"s2\">principled realism<\/span>\uff09\u4e3a\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u7acb\u56fd\u539f\u5219\u5e26\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u3001\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u51b7\u6218\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u552f\u4e00\u8d85\u7ea7\u5927\u56fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u7b49\u4f18\u52bf\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u53ef\u6311\u6218\u201d\uff0c\u5df2\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u952e\u9886\u57df\u4e27\u5931\u4e86\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u7a33\u6b65\u5730\u63a8\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u6311\u6218\u6216\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ca\u5176\u76df\u56fd\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" 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class=\"p1\">\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u56fd\u529b\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u56fd\u6c11\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u5982\u4e0b\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6838\u5fc3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u2014\u2014 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class=\"s1\">\u5168\u7403<\/span>\uff09\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u6301\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u53cd\u6620\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7f8e\u56fd\u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u7e41\u8363\u3002\u5c06\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u591a\u8fb9\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u66b4\u653f\u4e0b\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u3002\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79c1\u8425\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" 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class=\"s1\">\u6697\u6307\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u56fd\u4f01\u7684\u8865\u52a9<\/span>\uff09\u548c\u5904\u7f5a\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u519b\u4e8b\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u6765\u529d\u670d\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ddf\u968f\u5176\u519b\u4e8b\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u8bae\u7a0b\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u8d38\u6613\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5f3a\u5316\u5176\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u91ce\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u5357\u6d77\u5efa\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u57fa\u5730\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5371\u5bb3\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u5a01\u80c1\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u7834\u574f\u5730\u533a\u7a33\u5b9a\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u52a0\u901f\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u519b\u961f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u65e8\u5728\u9650\u5236\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecb\u5165\u8be5\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u4e3b\u5bfc\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4e8b\u52a1\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c06\u5176\u91ce\u5fc3\u7f8e\u5316\u4e3a\u4e92\u5229\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u2018\u5370\u592a\u2019\u5730\u533a\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u3002\u201c\u672c\u5730\u533a\u56fd\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5404\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u5c0a\u91cd\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5730\u533a\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u53f0\u6e7e\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u2018\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u2019\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6839\u636e\u300a\u4e0e\u53f0\u6e7e\u5173\u7cfb\u6cd5\u300b\u5c65\u884c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u9632\u5fa1\u652f\u6301\u548c\u963b\u6b62\uff08<span class=\"s1\">\u6765\u81ea\u5927\u9646\u7684<\/span>\uff09\u5a01\u80c1\u548c\u538b\u529b\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6b22\u8fce\u5370\u5ea6\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u5168\u7403\u9886\u8896\u548c\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u6218\u7565\u9632\u5fa1\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5bfb\u6c42\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u56db\u65b9\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6b27\u6d32\u201d\u5730\u533a\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5173\u952e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3001\u654f\u611f\u6280\u672f\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7b49\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u83b7\u5f97\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u6218\u7565\u636e\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u65ad\uff0c \u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5c06\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u4e00\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u5176\u6536\u8d2d\u654f\u611f\u6280\u672f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u5357\u4e9a\u201d\u5730\u533a\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u5728\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e2e\u52a9\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ef4\u62a4\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u897f\u534a\u7403\u201d\u5730\u533a\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u63a2\u7d22\u901a\u8fc7\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u548c\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7eb3\u5165\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9635\u8425\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u975e\u6d32\u201d\u5730\u533a\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6307\u8d23\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5728\u6269\u5927\u5176\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ece<span class=\"s1\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6295\u8d44\u65b9\u6210\u957f\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u975e\u6d32\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e00\u4e9b\u8150\u8d25\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u957f\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u91c7\u6398\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u88ab\u56f0\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u503a\u52a1\u548c\u627f\u8bfa\u4e2d\u201d\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u770b\u4f5c\u5176\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u5176\u975e\u6d32\u653f\u7b56\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6269\u5927\u4e0e\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u6d3e\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u521b\u9020\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u73af\u5883\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u652f\u6301\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5bfb\u6c42\u63f4\u52a9\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5e0c\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d38\u6613\u4f19\u4f34\u8d70\u5411\u7e41\u8363\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u5bf9\u53cc\u65b9\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6269\u5f20\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">1 . \u4e2d\u7f8e\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u505a\u5230\u201c \u6709\u51c6\u5907\u201d\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5e94\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u51b2\u51fb<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u4e24\u56fd\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u6218\u7565\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u8f83\u591a\u7cbe\u529b\u653e\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6218\u7565\u5408\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u7528\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u5316\u89e3\u6216\u7f13\u51b2\u4e24\u56fd\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u8fc7\u53bb<span class=\"s1\">20<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u624b<span class=\"s1\">(<\/span><span class=\"s2\">\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span><span class=\"s1\">)<\/span>\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u878d\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u6784\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u5546\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4ec1\u6148\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u201c\u9519\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bba\u65ad\u53cd\u6620\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba1\u89c6\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u66f4\u7a81\u51fa\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e4b\u524d\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u5c06\u6539\u53d8\u5bf9\u534e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u7528\u5bf9\u4ed8\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">3<\/span>\u6708<span class=\"s1\">17<\/span>\u65e5\u7279\u6717\u666e\u65e0\u89c6\u6211\u5f3a\u70c8\u8b66\u544a\u548c\u4e2d\u7f8e\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u201d \u539f\u5219\u53ca\u4e2d\u7f8e\u201c\u4e09\u4e2a\u8054\u5408\u516c\u62a5\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u53f0\u6e7e\u65c5\u884c\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c \u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u7ea2\u7ebf\u7684\u516c\u7136\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u904f\u5236\u6211\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u6562\u78b0\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u9700\u8981\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4ee5\u56e0\u5e94\u4e0d\u671f\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">2 . \u63a8\u8fdb\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u505a\u5230\u201c \u6709\u8c03\u6574\u201d\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e0e\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u6c34\u5e73\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u8fd9\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u7279\u6717\u666e\u653f\u5e9c\u4f9d\u8d56\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u9738\u6743\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4e89\u8fa9\u7684\u50b2\u6162\u548c\u56fa\u6267\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e3a\u63a8\u52a8\u5168\u7403\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u516c\u5171\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u6709\u76ee\u5171\u7779\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u5728\u4e9a\u592a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bfb\u6c42\u201c\u79fb\u8d70\u5e76\u53d6\u4ee3\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u5370\u592a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u5168\u7403\u6cbb\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4f01\u56fe\u5851\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6b63\u6269\u5145\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u519b\u5907\u5b9e\u529b\uff0c\u6311\u6218\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u6539\u53d8\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6743\u529b\u5e73\u8861\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u5df2\u660e\u786e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5c06\u56de\u5f52\u6216\u52a0\u5f3a\u5176\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5bfc\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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