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\/>\n\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u5b8c\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa\uff08State Building\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\n\t\u4ece\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4f5c\u7528\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\n\t\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\uff1a\u4ece\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u89c6\u89d2\u5ba1\u89c6\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe<br \/>\n\u5173\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6784\u5efa\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe\uff08State Building\uff09,\u5efa\u7acb\u6709\u6548\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5ea6\uff08Effective State\uff09\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u529b\u6216\u56fd\u5bb6\u80fd\u529b\uff08State Capacity\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u73b0\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u80e1\u978d\u94a2\u7b49\uff0c2003\uff1bFukuyama\uff0c2004\uff0c2011, 2014\uff1bBell &amp; Hindmoor\uff0c2009\uff1bMicklethwait and Wooldridge\uff0c2014\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6216\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6cbb\u7406\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002<br \/>\n\u4e00\u79cd\u5a01\u6743\u653f\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u4f53\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u5584\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u201c\u5efa\u5236\u6027\u201d\uff08Infrastructural\uff09\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u8fc7\u5236\u5ea6\u800c\u6cbb\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6210\u6548(Mann, 1993)\u3002<br 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2013; The Washington Post, 2013\uff09\u3002<br 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\/>\n\u8d22\u653f\u7a0e\u6536\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u653f\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6c72\u53d6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u592f\u5b9e\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u7eb3\u7a0e\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a0e\u52a1\u7f51\u7ad9\u300112366\u7eb3\u7a0e\u670d\u52a1\u70ed\u7ebf\u3001\u77ed\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u7eb3\u7a0e\u670d\u52a1\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7533\u62a5\u548c\u7f34\u7a0e\u7684\u5168\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u52a0\u53ca\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0e\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u5feb\u6377\u5730\u529e\u7a0e\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4eab\u53d7\u7a0e\u6536\u4f18\u60e0\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba9\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u65f6\u638c\u63e1\u7a0e\u6536\u5de5\u4f5c\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9e\u65bd\u7a0e\u6536\u98ce\u9669\u76d1\u63a7\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0e\u6536\u5f81\u7ba1\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<br 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style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\n\t\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u63a8\u8fdb\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8003\u8651<br \/>\n&nbsp; <br \/>\n\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f(Dunleavy et. al, 2008)\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u4f7f\u56fd\u6c11\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762\u3001\u53ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u6548\u54cd\u5e94\u56fd\u6c11\u9700\u6c42\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6311\u6218\u5c06\u662f\u957f\u671f\u6027\u7684\u3002<br \/>\n\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e2d\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u3001\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u5177\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u6cbb\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u652f\u6491\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u52a0\u5f3a\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u6cd5\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u8bbe<br \/>\n\u52a0\u5f3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6cd5\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u4eba\u5927\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u3002\u6574\u5408\u5171\u4eab\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u653f\u534f\u4e1a\u52a1\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u63a8\u8fdb\u6cd5\u9662\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u5b8c\u5584\u6cd5\u9662\u6848\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u53ca\u51b3\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u63a8\u8fdb\u68c0\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u4ee5\u63a7\u544a\u4e3e\u62a5\u4e0e\u5211\u4e8b\u7533\u8bc9\u3001\u4fa6\u67e5\u76d1\u7763\u7b49\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u68c0\u5bdf\u9662\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<br \/>\n\u63a8\u8fdb\u7acb\u6cd5\u53f8\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u516c\u5f00\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u91c7\u7528\u7f51\u4e0a\u542c\u8bc1\u3001\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5f81\u96c6\u610f\u89c1\u7b49\u65b0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e7f\u5927\u7fa4\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u535a\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u9891\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u5a92\u4f53\u5f00\u5c55\u7f51\u7edc\u5ead\u5ba1\u76f4\u64ad\uff0c\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u4f17\u80fd\u591f\u5373\u65f6\u4e86\u89e3\u5ead\u5ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u53d1\u8868\u8bc4\u8bba\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u516c\u5f00\u900f\u660e\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u73af\u5883\u3002<br \/>\n\u5efa\u7acb\u7eaa\u68c0\u76d1\u5bdf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u52a0\u5feb\u5efa\u8bbe\u884c\u653f\u76d1\u5bdf\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u843d\u5b9e\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8fdd\u7eaa\u8d23\u4efb\u8ffd\u7a76\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u884c\u653f\u6743\u529b\u8fd0\u884c\u76d1\u5bdf\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u7535\u5b50\u76d1\u5bdf\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ee5\u884c\u653f\u8bb8\u53ef\u548c\u884c\u653f\u5904\u7f5a\u7b49\u6267\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5efa\u8bbe\u884c\u653f\u6267\u6cd5\u76d1\u7763\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6709\u5e8f\u5f15\u5bfc\u7f51\u7edc\u53cd\u8150\u8d70\u5411\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7fa4\u4f17\u5bf9\u515a\u5458\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002<br \/>\n\u6784\u5efa\u516c\u5f00\u900f\u660e\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u95ee\u8d23\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5efa\u8bbe\u516c\u4f17\u8bc9\u6c42\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u7f51\u4e0a\u53d7\u7406\u4fe1\u8bbf\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u62d3\u5bbd\u6c11\u610f\u53cd\u6620\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u5229\u7528\u4ee5\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\u7801\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u5236\u5ea6\u53ca\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u9884\u9632\u548c\u60e9\u6cbb\u8150\u8d25\u592f\u5b9e\u57fa\u7840\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u52a0\u5927\u5173\u952e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u51b3\u7b56\u652f\u6301\u529b\u5ea6<br \/>\n\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u5e93\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u91d1\u878d\u3001\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u6d88\u8d39\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u3001\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u8282\u80fd\u51cf\u6392\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ea7\u6743\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b8f\u89c2\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u3001\u9884\u89c1\u6027\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002<br \/>\n\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4ee5\u6cd5\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u4e3a\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u673a\u5173\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u4e8b\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u6cd5\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u56e2\u6cd5\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4f9d\u6cd5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u673a\u6784\u5355\u4f4d\u57fa\u7840\u4fe1\u606f\u5e93\u3002\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76d1\u6d4b\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<br \/>\n\u5efa\u7acb\u5168\u56fd\u8054\u7f51\u4e2a\u4eba\u7a0e\u6536\u767b\u8bb0\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e0d\u52a8\u4ea7\u767b\u8bb0\u7cfb\u7edf\u5168\u56fd\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u6309\u5bb6\u5ead\u603b\u6536\u5165\u5f81\u6536\u4e2a\u7a0e\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u3001\u9057\u4ea7\u7a0e\u7b49\u7a0e\u6536\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u652f\u6491\u3002<br \/>\n\u63a8\u8fdb\u653f\u5e9c\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u516c\u5f00\uff0c\u6293\u7d27\u7814\u7a76\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u6cd5\u300b\u3001\u300a\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7b49\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6211\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6570\u636e\u5f00\u653e\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u516c\u5171\u6570\u636e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6548\u7528\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u52a0\u5feb\u63d0\u5347\u5e02\u573a\u76d1\u7ba1\u91cd\u8981\u4e1a\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6491\u80fd\u529b<br \/>\n\u52a0\u5feb\u5efa\u8bbe\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u4ef7\u683c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u76d1\u6d4b\u9884\u8b66\u3001\u6210\u672c\u8c03\u67e5\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u9274\u8bc1\u3001\u836f\u54c1\u548c\u533b\u7597\u5668\u68b0\u4ef7\u683c\u8bc4\u5ba1\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u67e5\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7edf\u4e00\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u91cd\u8981\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4ef7\u683c\u76d1\u6d4b\u9884\u8b66\u3001\u4ef7\u683c\u8c03\u63a7\u3001\u76d1\u7763\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<br 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