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Goto\uff0c2014\uff09\u30022022\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u62dc\u767b\u7b7e\u7f72\u300a\u901a\u80c0\u524a\u51cf\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u7ea63690\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5de8\u989d\u8865\u8d34\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u5c60\u65b0\u6cc9\u548c\u66fe\u745e\uff0c2024\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760\u5ea6\u7535\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\uff0c 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2016\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u65b0\u589e\u88c5\u673a\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u62c5\u5fc3\u6295\u8d44\u62b5\u7a0e\u653f\u7b56\u5230\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5149\u4f0f\u62a2\u88c5\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c2016\u5e74\u7f8e\u56fd\u65b0\u589e\u88c5\u673a\u521b\u5386\u53f2\u65b0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fbe\u523011.27\u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u5e74\u589e\u957f97.8%\u30022020\u5e74\u6295\u8d44\u7a0e\u6536\u62b5\u514d\u653f\u7b56\u53d6\u6d88\u65f6\u95f4\u53c8\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5f15\u8d77\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u201c\u5149\u4f0f\u62a2\u88c5\u6f6e\u201d\uff0c2021\u5e74\u5149\u4f0f\u65b0\u589e\u88c5\u673a19.9\u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u5360\u5168\u7f8e\u65b0\u589e\u53d1\u7535\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u768446%\uff0c \u8fde\u7eed\u4e09\u5e74\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u53d1\u7535\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\uff08SEIA\uff0c2022\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u653f\u7b56\u8fd8\u540c\u65f6\u6ce8\u91cd\u517c\u987e\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4fa7\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u70b9\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u5347\u3001\u521b\u9020\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u30022009\u5e74\u300a\u590d\u5174\u4e0e\u518d\u6295\u8d44\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u7a0e\u6536\u62b5\u514d\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a23\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c \u5728\u7528\u4e8e\u5148\u8fdb\u80fd\u6e90\u5236\u9020\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u603b\u7a0e\u6536\u51cf\u514d\u652f\u51fa\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709183\u4e2a\u5148\u8fdb\u80fd\u6e90\u5236\u9020\u9879\u76ee\u4ece\u4e2d\u83b7\u76ca\uff08Zhi et al.\uff0c2014\uff09\u30022022\u5e74\u7b7e\u7f72\u751f\u6548\u7684\u300a\u901a\u80c0\u524a\u51cf\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u57282023\u5e74\u5ea6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b2c\u4e00\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u516c\u53f8\uff08First Solar\uff09\u5e26\u67656.6\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u5360\u5176\u5168\u5e74\u8425\u6536\u603b\u989d\u7684\u8fd180%\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u503e\u9500\u548c\u53cd\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d38\u6613\u58c1\u5792\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff08Michaela\uff0c2012\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u4ece\u878d\u8d44\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8fdb\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u7b56\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5728\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u91cd\u70b9\u4ece\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u5411\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u8d37\u6b3e\u89e3\u51b3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u8d44\u91d1\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4f17\u591a\u5c4b\u9876\u6240\u6709\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u6216\u4e0d\u613f\u627f\u62c5\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u65f6\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u878d\u8d44\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u878d\u8d44\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c \u5c4b\u9876\u6240\u6709\u8005\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u5149\u4f0f\u521d\u59cb\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u9ad8\u989d\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u540e\u671f\u652f\u4ed8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u878d\u8d44\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u79df\u8d41\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u878d\u8d44\u673a\u6784\u514d\u8d39\u5b89\u88c5\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u4e4b\u540e\u5c4b\u9876\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5411\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u878d\u8d44\u673a\u6784\u652f\u4ed8\u79df\u91d1\u6216\u7535\u8d39\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u8d2d\u7535\u534f\u8bae\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u7684\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u4e0e\u7535\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e8b\u524d\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u6309\u6708\u8d2d\u4e70\u7535\u529b\u4f9b\u5e94\u65b9\u6240\u4ea7\u7684\u7535\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u5747\u662f\u514d\u8d39\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u6298\u6263\u5b89\u88c5\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u51cf\u8f7b\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u524d\u671f\u5efa\u8bbe\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6210\u672c\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u65e5\u672c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c9b\u56fd\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u532e\u4e4f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u8fdb\u53e3\u77f3\u6cb9\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u77f3\u6cb9\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c \u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5bfb\u627e\u66ff\u4ee3\u80fd\u6e90\u30021974\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u59cb\u9f13\u52b1\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5c45\u6c11\u5c4b\u9876\u5149\u4f0f\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u9700\u6c42\u4fa7\u5b9e\u65bd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\u30021994\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u5c45\u6c11\u5149\u4f0f\u63a8\u5e7f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c \u9f13\u52b1\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u4e8e10\u5343\u74e6\u7684\u6237\u7528\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c1994\u5e74\u6bcf\u5343\u74e6\u8865\u8d34\u9ad8\u8fbe90\u4e07\u65e5\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u5230\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u672c\u768450%\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u8865\u8d34\u9010\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u52302002\u5e74\u6bcf\u5343\u74e6\u8865\u8d34\u4e0b\u8c03\u523010\u4e07\u65e5\u5143\u30021994\u20142002\u5e74\uff0c \u65e5\u672c\u5c45\u6c11\u5149\u4f0f\u63a8\u5e7f\u8ba1\u5212\u603b\u9884\u7b97\u9ad8\u8fbe1124.56\u4ebf\u65e5\u5143\uff0c\u5171\u5b89\u88c5441.8\u5146\u74e6\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08IEA\uff0c 2003\uff09\u30021997\u20141998\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u8fd8\u51fa\u53f0\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u630110\u5343\u4f0f\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u793a\u8303\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5e76\u7f51\u9879\u76ee\u3001\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u5c4b\u9876\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5927\u578b\u5e76\u7f51\u9879\u76ee\uff0c \u653f\u5e9c\u8865\u8d3450%\u62161\/3\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d37\u6b3e\u62c5\u4fdd\u3002\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5927\u529b\u6276\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u57281997\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5149\u4f0f\u88c5\u673a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u52302004\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u501f\u52a9\u5728\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5728\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u30022002\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u6c60\u4ea7\u91cf260 \u5146\u74e6\uff0c\u5360\u5230\u5168\u7403\u768448%\u30021999 \u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u53d6\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u4f4d\u4e00\u76f4\u4fdd\u6301\u52302007\u5e74\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u4e16\u754c\u7ea7\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c2001\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u6392\u540d\u524d\u5341\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u5382\u5546\u4e2d\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u636e4 \u5e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u7403\u4ea7\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u590f\u666e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eac\u74f7\u3001\u4e09\u6d0b\u7535\u673a\u548c\u4e09\u83f1\uff08IEA\uff0c2003\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u65e5\u672c\u300a\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u914d\u989d\u5236\u6cd5\u300b\u8981\u6c42\u7535\u7f51\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u7535\u529b\u9500\u552e\u603b\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u4e0d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u9500\u552e\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u9000\u5761\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\u653e\u7f13\uff0c2004\u5e74\u5149\u4f0f\u7d2f\u8ba1\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u88ab\u5fb7\u56fd\u8d85\u8d8a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u57282007\u20142008\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5e74\u65b0\u589e\u5149\u4f0f\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u626d\u8f6c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e0d\u5229\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c2009\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u91cd\u542f\u4e86\u5c45\u6c11\u5149\u4f0f\u63a8\u5e7f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u80fd\u6e90\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u6709\u6548\u4f7f\u7528\u5316\u77f3\u80fd\u6e90\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u8d2d\u4e70\u5269\u4f59\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u529b\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u4ee5\u4f20\u7edf\u7535\u529b\u4e24\u500d\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e0a\u7f51\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u529b\uff08Avril et al.,2012\uff09\u3002\u798f\u5c9b\u6838\u4e8b\u6545\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f00\u59cb\u8003\u8651\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u6838\u80fd\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u5e76\u5173\u95ed\u4e8650 \u5ea7\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\uff0c\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u7b49\u65b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u817e\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u518d\u751f\u6218\u7565\u300b\uff0c\u5c06\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7b49\u7eff\u8272\u589e\u957f\u6218\u7565\u5217\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\uff08\u738b\u559c\u6587\uff0c2017\uff09\u30022011\u5e748\u6708\uff0c \u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u7279\u522b\u63aa\u65bd\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5b9e\u65bd\u5ea6\u7535\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e3a\u5927\u4e8e10\u5343\u4f0f\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u5ea6\u753542\u65e5\u5143\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u7535\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7535\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u540c\u671f\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u662f\u540c\u671f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u6807\u6746\u7535\u4ef7\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff08Zhi et al.,2014\uff09\u3002\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u52302011\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u5360\u6bd4\u9ad8\u8fbe96%\uff08IEA\uff0c2021\uff09\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6237\u7528\u5c4b\u9876\u5149\u4f0f\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd8\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u65e5\u672c\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4ee5\u9500\u552e\u9884\u5236\u623f\u5c4b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u5efa\u7b51\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u623f\u5c4b\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e0e\u5149\u4f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u6346\u7ed1\u9500\u552e\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c \u4e0d\u4ec5\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5149\u4f0f\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u9500\u552e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6e20\u9053\u30022011 \u5e74\uff0c60%\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u9884\u5236\u623f\u5c4b\u90fd\u5b89\u88c5\u6709\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Lars &amp; Alvar, 2016\uff09\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u89c6\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5149\u4f0f\u9879\u76ee\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c \u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u968f\u540e\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c2023\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5149\u4f0f\u7d2f\u8ba1\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fbe\u523089.08\u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08IRENA, 2024\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5fb7\u56fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u8d44\u6e90\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c2020\u5e74\u5e73\u5747\u6709\u6548\u53d1\u7535\u5c0f\u65f6\u6570\u4e3a978\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e731300\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u7ea675% \uff08IEA\uff0c2022\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u5fb7\u56fd\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u51fa\u53f0\u9488\u5bf9\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u59cb\u4e3a\u5c4b\u9876\u5149\u4f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u521d\u6295\u8d44\u8d44\u91d1\u8865\u8d34\u30021990\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u8fdb\u884c\u5ea6\u7535\u8865\u8d34\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8865\u8d34\u63aa\u65bd\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u4ece\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c1990\u5e74\u542f\u52a8\u201c\u5343\u6237\u5149\u4f0f\u5c4b\u9876\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5b89\u88c5\u8865\u8d34\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u4e3a\u5c45\u6c11\u5c4b\u9876\u5b89\u88c5\u76841~5\u5343\u74e6\u5149\u4f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u8d34\uff0c\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6210\u672c\u768470%\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u4e00\u76f4\u6267\u884c\u52301993\u5e74\u30021995\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u53c8\u63a8\u51fa\u201c\u5b66\u6821\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5e02\u653f\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u201d\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u516c\u7528\u4e8b\u4e1a\u57fa\u91d1\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u652f\u6301\uff08IEA\uff0c1998\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\u51cf\u514d\u7b49\u4f18\u60e0\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c1995\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u201c\u5341\u4e07\u5149\u4f0f\u5c4b\u9876\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u5149\u4f0f\u9879\u76ee\u63d0\u4f9b\u5341\u5e74\u4f4e\u606f\u8d37\u6b3e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c 2000\u5e74\uff0c\u57281990\u5e74\u300a\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u4ece0.09\u6b27\u5143\/\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u8c03\u52300.506\u6b27\u5143\/\u5343\u74e6\u65f6\uff08Avril et al.,2012\uff09\u30022004\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u6309\u7167\u9879\u76ee\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u5c0f\u533a\u522b\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u9879\u76ee\u8d8a\u5927\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5b89\u88c5\u6210\u672c\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u6574\u4f53\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u9010\u6b65\u9000\u5761\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5148\u4ee5\u5e74\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0b\u8c03\uff0c\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u6309\u7167\u5b63\u5ea6\u4e0b\u8c03\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6539\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6708\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u4e0b\u8c03\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b02030\u5e74\u53ef\u518d\u751f\u80fd\u6e90\u5360\u6bd465%\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c2020\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u539f\u5b9a\u768452\u5409\u74e6\u5149\u4f0f\u8865\u8d34\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6839\u636e\u5e02\u573a\u5b89\u88c5\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u65f6\u8c03\u6574\u8865\u8d34\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f15\u5bfc\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u8f6c\u578b\u6218\u7565\u76ee\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u5728\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f2000\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u9ad8\u989d\u7684\u4e0a\u7f51\u7535\u4ef7\u65b0\u6807\u51c6\u540e\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\u3002\u65b0\u589e\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u4ece2000 \u5e74\u52302010\u5e74\u4e0a\u6da8\u4e86\u7ea6160\u500d\uff0c \u5e76\u57282005\u5e74\u8d85\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u5149\u4f0f\u7d2f\u8ba1\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b2c\u4e00\u5927\u56fd\u5e76\u8fde\u7eed\u4fdd\u6301\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u52302014\u5e74\u3002\u52302020\u5e74\u5e95\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u6e17\u900f\u7387\u8fbe\u52309.9%\uff0c2023\u5e74\u7d2f\u8ba1\u5149\u4f0f\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fbe\u523081.74 \u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u4f4d\u5217\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u56db\uff08IRENA, 2024\uff09\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u6276\u6301\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u5149\u4f0f\u4ea7\u4e1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6837\u677f\u548c\u501f\u9274\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u4e2d\u56fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\">\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u751f\u4ea7\u7aef\u53d1\u5c55\u987a\u5229\u30022002 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u65e0\u9521\u5c1a\u5fb7\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u529b\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u5efa\u621010\u5146\u74e6\u591a\u6676\u7845\u7535\u6c60\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5149\u4f0f\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5236\u9020\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u62c9\u52a8\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u5f00\u59cb\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u57282007\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u7535\u6c60\u548c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u751f\u4ea7\u56fd\uff0c2010\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\u4ea7\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u5168\u7403\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4e0e\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u76f8\u5bf9\u6ede\u540e\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56fd\u5185\u5149\u4f0f\u5236\u9020\u4ea7\u4e1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u56fd\u5916\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u30022011\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u53f0\u5168\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u4e0a\u7f51\u6807\u6746\u7535\u4ef7\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5149\u4f0f\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u88c5\u673a\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fbe\u52302.7 \u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u540c\u6bd4\u589e\u957f\u8fd15\u500d\u30022013 \u5e74\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5149\u4f0f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4ef7\u683c\u7684\u4e00\u8def\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u6210\u672c\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5728\u6807\u6746\u7535\u4ef7\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u7ad9\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u56de\u62a5\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u8fce\u6765\u7206\u53d1\u30022013\u5e74\u5168\u56fd\u65b0\u589e\u5e76\u7f51\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u8fbe11.8\u5409\u74e6\uff0c\u4e00\u8dc3\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5149\u4f0f\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5149\u4f0f\u53d1\u7535\u6210\u672c\u9010\u5e74\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u884c\u8865\u8d34\u9000\u5761\uff0c \u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u5f15\u5165\u7ade\u4e89\u673a\u5236\uff08Zhang et al., 2022\uff09\u3002\u4ece2011\u5e74\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5149\u4f0f\u6807\u6746\u7535\u4ef7\uff0c \u7ecf\u8fc710\u5e74\u7684\u9000\u5761\u8fd0\u884c\u6700\u7ec8\u9000\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u821e\u53f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u5e73\u4ef7\u4e0a\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\u30022021\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c \u5bf9\u65b0\u5907\u6848\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u7535\u7ad9\u3001\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5149\u4f0f\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u8d22\u653f\u4e0d\u518d\u8865\u8d34\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u6539\u9769\u59d4, 2021\uff09\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc710\u5e74\u7684\u5ea6\u7535\u8865\u8d34\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5149\u4f0f\u5e94\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u6709\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e3e\u4e16\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u30022023 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