{"id":13458,"date":"2022-10-25T21:31:33","date_gmt":"2022-10-25T13:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdo.develpress.com\/?p=13458"},"modified":"2022-10-25T21:31:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-25T13:31:33","slug":"%e6%96%b0%e5%8f%91%e5%b1%95%e9%98%b6%e6%ae%b5%e6%88%91%e5%9b%bd%e6%88%b7%e7%b1%8d%e5%88%b6%e5%ba%a6%e6%94%b9%e9%9d%a9%e6%96%b9%e5%90%91%e5%8f%8a%e6%88%b7%e7%b1%8d%e7%ab%8b%e6%b3%95%e6%80%9d%e8%80%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdo.develpress.com\/?p=13458","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u6211\u56fd\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u53ca\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u601d\u8003"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u8521\u7ffc\u98de<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" 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class=\"s1\">1950<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u653f\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u6551\u6d4e\u5931\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u6307\u793a\u300b\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u519c\u6c11\u4ee5\u56fd\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u62db\u5de5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u57ce\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u53d1\u8fdb\u57ce\u7684\u519c\u6c11\u901a\u8fc7\u5f53\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u6216\u5c0f\u5546\u5c0f\u8d29\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u57ce\u5185\u8c0b\u5f97\u751f\u8ba1\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1952<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u653f\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u5730\u628a\u57ce\u4e61\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5145\u5206\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u751f\u4ea7\u4e8b\u4e1a\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\u548c\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u6570\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4efb\u4f55\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff08 1 9 5 8 \u2014 1 9 7 8 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u9010\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c \u4e94\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u91cd\u5de5\u4e1a\u4f18\u5148\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4e3a\u4fdd\u969c\u519c\u4e1a\u54fa\u80b2\u5de5\u4e1a\u653f\u7b56\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u91cf\u6d8c\u5165\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">1958<\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u53f0\u300a\u6237\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff08\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff09\u3002\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u5ba1\u6279\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u51ed\u8bc1\u843d\u6237\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u6237\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f62\u6210\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1961<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u57ce\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u548c\u538b\u7f29\u57ce\u9547\u7cae\u98df\u9500\u91cf\u7684\u4e5d\u6761\u529e\u6cd5\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728<span class=\"s1\">1960<\/span>\u5e74\u5e95\u57ce\u9547\u4eba\u53e3<span class=\"s1\">1.29 <\/span>\u4ebf\u7684\u57fa\u6570\u4e0a\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">3<\/span>\u5e74\u5185\u51cf\u5c11\u57ce\u9547\u4eba\u53e3<span class=\"s1\">2000<\/span>\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1962<\/span>\u5e74\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u6237\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u8fc1\u5f80\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u5fc5\u987b\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u8fc1\u5f80\u519c\u6751\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u5e94\u4e00\u5f8b\u51c6\u4e88\u843d\u6237<span class=\"s1\">, <\/span>\u4f46\u8fc1\u5f80\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u8981\u9002\u5f53\u63a7\u5236\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1963<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u3001\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u6574\u5e02\u9547\u5efa\u5236\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u90ca\u533a\u7684\u6307\u793a\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e25\u683c\u8bbe\u5e02\u6807\u51c6\u3001\u7f29\u5c0f\u5e02\u90ca\u533a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c \u51cf\u5c11\u57ce\u9547\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e0e\u6237\u53e3\u76f8\u6302\u94a9\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u9010\u6b65\u8131\u79bb\u6700\u521d\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ef4\u6301\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff08 1 9 7 8 \u2014 2 0 0 0 \u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u5f00\u59cb\u677e\u52a8\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8981\u6c42\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5e02\u573a\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5185\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1978<\/span>\u5e74\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u95e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u90e8\u5206\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fc1\u5f80\u57ce\u9547\u7531\u56fd\u5bb6\u4f9b\u5e94\u7cae\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u5e72\u90e8\u7684\u519c\u6751\u5bb6\u5c5e\u8fdb\u57ce\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\uff1b<span class=\"s1\">1985<\/span>\u5e74\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u57ce\u9547\u6682\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6682\u884c\u89c4\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u7acb\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b<span class=\"s1\">1992<\/span>\u5e74\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5b9e\u884c\u5f53\u5730\u6709\u6548\u57ce\u9547\u5c45\u6c11\u6237\u53e3\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u300b\uff0c\u8bd5\u884c\u5f53\u5730\u6709\u6548\u57ce\u9547\u5c45\u6c11\u6237\u53e3\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u653f\u7b56\u51fa\u53f0\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u6240\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u8fdb\u5165\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u201c\u53e3\u5b50\u201d\u653e\u5f00\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u80fd\u591f\u4eab\u53d7\u90e8\u5206\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u6237\u7cae\u6302\u94a9\u3001\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u5957\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u677e\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u6539\u9769\u63a8\u8fdb\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0a\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u4ece\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1997<\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u300a\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u6237\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u8bd5\u70b9\u65b9\u6848\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\u519c\u6751\u6237\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u610f\u89c1\u300b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u529e\u7406\u57ce\u9547\u5e38\u4f4f\u6237\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u5269\u4f59\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5c31\u8fd1\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u5730\u5411\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u548c\u519c\u6751\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b<span class=\"s1\">2001<\/span>\u5e74\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u6279\u8f6c\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u63a8\u8fdb\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u6237\u7c4d\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u51e1\u5728\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u5c45\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u672c\u4eba\u610f\u613f\u529e\u7406\u57ce\u9547\u5e38\u4f4f\u6237\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5c0f\u57ce\u9547\u843d\u6237\u95e8\u69db\u5df2\u57fa\u672c\u6d88\u9664\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u7b2c\u56db\u9636\u6bb5\uff08 2 0 0 2 \u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff09 \uff0c \u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u4e0d\u65ad\u6df1\u5165\u3002\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86\u6539\u9769\u57ce\u4e61\u5206\u5272\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u515a\u7684\u5341\u516d\u5927\u63d0\u51fa\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4f53\u5236\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5408\u7406\u6709\u5e8f\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u6c5f\u82cf\u7701<span class=\"s1\">2003<\/span>\u5e74\u7387\u5148\u5728\u5168\u7701\u53d6\u6d88\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u975e\u519c\u4e1a\u3001\u84dd\u5370\u7b49\u6237\u53e3\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5c45\u6c11\u6237\u53e3\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u540e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7701\u4efd\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u884c\u53d6\u6d88\u57ce\u4e61\u4e8c\u5143\u6237\u7c4d\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<span class=\"s1\">2008 <\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u5173\u4e8e\u63a8\u8fdb\u519c\u6751\u6539\u9769\u53d1\u5c55\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c \u653e\u5bbd\u4e2d\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u843d\u6237\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u591a\u5730\u53d6\u6d88\u4e8c\u5143\u6237\u7c4d\u3002<span class=\"s1\">2014<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u8fdb\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u653e\u5f00\u5efa\u5236\u9547\u548c\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\u843d\u6237\u9650\u5236\u3001\u6709\u5e8f\u653e\u5f00\u4e2d\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u843d\u6237\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5408\u7406\u786e\u5b9a\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u843d\u6237\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u57ce\u4e61\u6237\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5c45\u4f4f\u8bc1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u89c4\u5212\uff082014\u20142020 \u5e74\uff09\u300b\u3001\u300a\u63a8\u52a8<span class=\"s1\">1<\/span>\u4ebf\u975e\u6237\u7c4d\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u843d\u6237\u65b9\u6848\u300b\u90fd\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u653e\u5f00\u57ce\u9547\u6237\u7c4d\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c \u7edf\u7b79\u63a8\u8fdb\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u5747\u7b49\u5316\u3002<span class=\"s1\">2019<\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e \u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5173\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u5065\u5168\u57ce\u4e61\u878d\u5408\u53d1\u5c55\u4f53\u5236\u673a\u5236\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c \u8981\u52a0\u5feb\u5b9e\u73b0\u57ce\u9547\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u5e38\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3\u5168\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u8fdb\u57ce\u843d\u6237\u519c\u6c11\u5728\u519c\u6751\u7684\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5f15\u5bfc\u5176\u4f9d\u6cd5\u81ea\u613f\u6709\u507f\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u4ece\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u57ce\u5e02\u81ea\u8eab\u843d\u6237\u653f\u7b56\u653e\u5f00\uff0c\u5411\u7edf\u7b79\u57ce\u4e61\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5efa\u7acb\u57ce\u4e61\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u57ce\u533a\u5e38\u4f4f\u4eba\u53e3<span class=\"s1\">300<\/span>\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6309\u7167\u653f\u7b56\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u843d\u6237\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u6237\u7c4d\u76f8\u6302\u94a9\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c \u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u653e\u5f00\u843d\u6237\u95e8\u69db\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u52a0\u5927\uff0c\u201c\u9690\u5f62\u201d\u843d\u6237\u95e8\u69db\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u5730\u94b1\u201d\u6302\u94a9\u673a\u5236\u6536\u6548\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u6df1\u6c34\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u66f4\u957f\u8fdc\u5730\u601d\u8003\u6539\u9769\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u56fd\u9645\u6bd4\u8f83\u53ca\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u672c\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c \u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u767b\u8bb0\u516c\u6c11\u57fa\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6982\u62ec\u6765\u8bf4\u6709\u5982\u4e0b\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u79bb\u5a5a\u7b49\u91cd\u5927\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u51fa\u751f\u6b7b\u4ea1\u767b\u8bb0\u5927\u7eb2\u4e2d\u3002\u65e5\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u53f7\u5236\u5ea6\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u53f7\u80cc\u540e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u3001\u7eb3\u7a0e\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5305\u62ec\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u3002\u4ee5\u65e5\u672c\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u4ece\u51fa\u751f\u5230\u6b7b\u4ea1\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u8eab\u4efd\u4e8b\u9879\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u6982\u62ec\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5728\u6237\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0\u5361\u4e0a\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6237\u53e3\u7c3f\u3002\u4e09\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u6df7\u5408\u767b\u8bb0\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5c45\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u5206\u4e3a\u751f\u6b7b\u7c3f\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7c3f\u548c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7c3f\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u7c3f\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7c3f\u662f\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u7c3f\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fdb\u884c\u767b\u8bb0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u4ece\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c \u5404\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u7528\u9014\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6c11\u4e8b\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u9047\u5230\u51fa\u751f\u3001\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u7ed3\u5a5a\u3001\u79bb\u5a5a\u3001\u76d1\u62a4\u4eba\u786e\u8ba4\u7b49\u6c11\u4e8b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u5c45\u6c11\u767b\u8bb0\u4fe1\u606f\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u5927\u90fd\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u9014\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u6839\u636e\u767b\u8bb0\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8be5\u529f\u80fd\u4ece\u6237\u7c4d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u8bb0\u529f\u80fd\u5ef6\u4f38\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u56e0\u56fd\u60c5\u4e0d\u540c\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c \u6709\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u6cbb\u5b89\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u7b49\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u97e9\u56fd\uff1b\u6709\u7684\u5219\u5ef6\u4f38\u81f3\u8fc1\u5f99\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5f81\u5175\u5f81\u7a0e\u3001\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u7ed9\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d8a\u5357\u548c\u6211\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\uff0c \u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u529f\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u5404\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5c01\u5efa\u519c\u5974\u5236\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u8bb0\u4e0e\u4f4f\u6240\u5236\u5ea6\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u519c\u6c11\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u79bb\u5f00\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6559\u533a\u3002\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u653e\u677e\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd<span class=\"s1\">1834<\/span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u6d4e\u8d2b\u6cd5\uff08\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\uff09\u300b\u5141\u8bb8\u6839\u636e\u96c7\u4f63\u548c\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5c45\u4f4f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c \u5fb7\u56fd<span class=\"s1\">1867<\/span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u6cd5\u300b\u5141\u8bb8\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u81ea\u7531\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u519c\u4e1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6237\u7c4d\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u56fa\u7740\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u79c1\u81ea\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">1871<\/span>\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5236\u5b9a\u300a\u6237\u7c4d\u6cd5\u300b\u8d4b\u4e88\u519c\u6c11\u5e73\u7b49\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">1941<\/span>\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u65b0\u7684\u300a\u6237\u7c4d\u6cd5\u300b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u5f99\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5176\u73b0\u4ee3\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u7efc\u5408\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u516c\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6587\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fd8\u662f\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u4e1c\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u8fc1\u5f99\u58c1\u5792\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u540e\u4e5f\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u5927\u90fd\u4ece\u516c\u5171\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u8f6c\u5411\u8eab\u4efd\u767b\u8bb0\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u63a8\u8fdb\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u6211\u56fd\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u5168\u9762\u5efa\u8bbe\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5168\u4f53\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u5bcc\u88d5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u6d41\u52a8\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u5185\u5728\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6539\u9769\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u4e00\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u63a8\u8fdb\u6237\u7c4d\u6539\u9769\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u548c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u7acb\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5236\u5ea6\u8d70\u5411\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6210\u719f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u81ea<span class=\"s1\">1958 <\/span>\u5e74\u51fa\u53f0\u4ee5\u6765\u4ece\u672a\u4fee\u8ba2\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u7acb\u6cd5\u539f\u5219\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u5f62\u52bf\u4e25\u91cd\u8131\u8282\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u7531\u519c\u6751\u8fc1\u5f80\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6301\u6709\u57ce\u5e02\u52b3\u52a8\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5f55\u7528\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5f55\u53d6\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u57ce\u5e02\u6237\u53e3\u767b\u8bb0\u673a\u5173\u7684\u51c6\u4e88\u8fc1\u5165\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\u5c42\u7ea7\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u529b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u5927\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4fee\u8ba2\u300a\u6761\u4f8b\u300b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u5e76\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u6765\u7a81\u7834\u73b0\u6709\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u6539\u9769\u8d70\u5411\u6df1\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u4e8c\u662f\u6211\u56fd\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u57ce\u4e61\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u751f\u6df1\u523b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u548c\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u5feb\u901f\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u4e61\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u57ce\u9547\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5f20\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u65b0\u589e\u5c31\u4e1a\u5c97\u4f4d\u7ea6<span class=\"s1\">1300<\/span>\u4e07\u4e2a\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u62c5\u5fc3\u4eba\u53e3\u6d8c\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u666e\u904d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u662f\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u77ed\u7f3a\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u4e0d\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u62a2\u4eba\u5927\u6218\u201d \u5728\u5404\u5730\u9891\u7e41\u7206\u53d1\u3002\u57ce\u4e61\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u8fdb\u5165\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u60e0\u519c\u653f\u7b56\u529b\u5ea6\u52a0\u5927\u548c\u519c\u6751\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c \u57ce\u4e61\u6536\u5165\u5dee\u8ddd\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5dee\u8ddd\u5f00\u59cb\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u53e3\u8fdb\u57ce\u5b9a\u5c45\u610f\u613f\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u51cf\u901f\u8d8b\u52bf\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u201c\u84c4\u6c34\u6c60\u201d\u65e5\u6e10\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c<span class=\"s1\">2020<\/span>\u5e74\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u6570\u91cf\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u57ce\u9547\u4eba\u53e3\u5206\u5e03\u5927\u5c40\u5df2\u5b9a\uff0c\u57ce\u4e61\u4eba\u53e3\u81ea\u7531\u8fc1\u5f99\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u57ce\u4e61\u53d1\u5c55\u683c\u5c40\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u4e09\u662f\u6253\u7834\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u6237\u7c4d\u969c\u788d\u662f\u6269\u5927\u5185\u9700\u548c\u52a0\u5feb\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u683c\u5c40\u7684\u5185\u5728\u9700\u8981\u3002\u519c\u4e1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4eba\u53e3\u5e02\u6c11\u5316\u662f\u65b0\u578b\u57ce\u9547\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u7ea6<span class=\"s1\">2.3<\/span>\u4ebf\u519c\u4e1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u57ce\u9547\u7a33\u5b9a\u751f\u6d3b\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e0e\u57ce\u9547\u6237\u7c4d\u5c45\u6c11\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u6d88\u8d39\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u548c\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u6295\u8d44\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c \u7834\u9664\u6237\u7c4d\u58c1\u5792\u3001\u4fc3\u8fdb\u519c\u4e1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4eba\u53e3\u878d\u5165\u57ce\u9547\u80fd\u591f\u91ca\u653e\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c \u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u683c\u5c40\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6237\u7c4d\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u6211\u56fd\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u5386\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u987e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c2\u7167\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u6237\u7c4d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u5e94\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" 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