{"id":13271,"date":"2022-08-19T11:42:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-19T03:42:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cdo.develpress.com\/?p=13271"},"modified":"2022-08-19T11:42:52","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T03:42:52","slug":"%e9%9b%85%e8%af%ba%e4%bb%80%c2%b7%e7%a7%91%e5%b0%94%e5%a5%88%e5%92%8c%e4%bb%96%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8d%e6%9c%bd%e8%91%97%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cdo.develpress.com\/?p=13271","title":{"rendered":"\u96c5\u8bfa\u4ec0\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u8457\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u683c\u6cfd\u9ad8\u6ecb\u00b7W\u00b7\u79d1\u52d2\u5fb7\u514b\u25c7\u5ed6\u821f \u8bd1<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u96c5\u8bfa\u4ec0\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\uff081 9 2 8 &#8211; 2021\uff09\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u80fd\u6d3b\u7740\u8d62\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\uff0c 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class=\"s1\">1968<\/span>\u5e74\u5bf9\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u5206\u6743\u6539\u9769\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u6709\u4e86\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5199\u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u3002\u4e66\u91cc\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u63aa\u8f9e\u4e25\u5389\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u51fb\u7597\u6cd5\u6bd4\u9547\u9759\u5242\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6cbb\u7597\u67d0\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u201d \u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8981\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff0c 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\u4ed6\u90a3\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u5316\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u8df5\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4ece<span class=\"s1\">1989 <\/span>\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u590d\u5174\u5f00\u53d1\u94f6\u884c\u6210\u7acb\u5230<span class=\"s1\">1994<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c \u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8be5\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u54a8\u8be2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff1b \u4ece<span class=\"s1\">1995 <\/span>\u5e74\u5230<span class=\"s1\">2001<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c \u4ed6\u662f\u5308\u7259\u5229\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u662f\u505a\u91cd\u8981\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5708\u5b50\uff0c 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\u6211\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\uff0c \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u786e\u4fe1\u2014\u2014 \u81f3\u5c11\u4ece<span class=\"s1\">1960<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5f00\u59cb\u2014\u2014 \u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6539\u9769\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u8be2\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4e0d\u80fd\u660e\u786e\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c \u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c \u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u9769\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u95f4\u63a5\u8868\u660e\uff0c \u65e9\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u4fe1\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u9ec4\u660f\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u5747\u8861\u7684\u3002<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u540d\u8457\u300a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff08E c o n o m i c s o f Shortage\uff09\uff08\u8be5\u4e66\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e1986 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u5d07\u9ad8\u540d\u58f0\u4e0d\u518d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5f53\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u601d\u60f3\u5b66\u754c\u3002\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u8005\u601d\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6539\u9769\u65b9\u5411\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c \u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5df2\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fee\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u50cf\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u90a3\u6837\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c \u53f6\u6208\u5c14\u00b7 \u76d6\u8fbe\u5c14\u66fe\u662f\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u540e\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u52a0\u76df\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u9886\u8896\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\u3001<span class=\"s1\">1992 <\/span>\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4ee3\u603b\u7406\uff0c \u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u96c5\u8bfa\u4ec0\u00b7 \u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u6bd4\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u90fd\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u5bf9\u6211\u548c\u6211\u5728\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u201d\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa<span class=\"s1\">80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u77ed\u7f3a\u2026\u2026\uff08\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c \u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u57281974\u5e74\u5c31\u4ee5\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u8fc5\u901f\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\uff09\u5b83\u7684\u4fc4\u6587\u7248\u5728<span class=\"s1\">1990<\/span>\u5e74\u624d\u51fa\u7248\uff08\u800c\u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4fc4\u6587\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u5728<span class=\"s1\">1985<\/span>\u5e74\u5b83\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7565\u663e\u59d4\u5a49\u7684\u6807\u9898\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u4e66\u540d\u88ab\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5a49\u8f6c\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9884\u9632\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c \u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u72c2\u70ed\u7684\u5ba1\u67e5\u5458\u56e0\u62c5\u5fc3\u5f15\u53d1\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u6839\u636e\u5b98\u65b9\u4e3b\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u201c\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d \u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6307\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u77ed\u7f3a\u663e\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c \u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u5f97\u592a\u665a\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u51fa\u4e86\u540d\u5730\u6613\u88ab\u6df7\u6dc6\uff08\u5f53\u65f6\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5730\u65b9\uff09 \u7684\u672f\u8bed\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1992 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\uff1a \u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff08The Socialist System: T h e P o l i t i c a l E c o n o m y o f Communism\uff09\u7684\u4e66\u95ee\u4e16\u4e86\uff08\u8be5\u4e66\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u4e2d\u592e\u7f16\u8bd1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6211\u5728<span class=\"s1\">20 <\/span>\u4e16\u7eaa<span class=\"s1\">80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c<span class=\"s1\">90<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u53d1\u8868\u548c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4f53\u5236\u6539\u9769\u548c\u53cd\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u53ca\u4e00\u672c\u8bba\u8457\u3002\u4ed6\u5f53\u65f6\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6211\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u624d\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u4e66\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u5411\u6211\u8bf7\u6c42\u5f15\u7528\u6211\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u8ba4\u771f\u6001\u5ea6\u65e2\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u53c8\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u88ab\u5f15\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u8fd14 . 8\u4e07\u6b21\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff08\u4e0d\u52304 . 4 \u4e07\u6b21\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4e66\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u51fa\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c \u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u592e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6700\u5e38\u4ee5\u300a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u88ab\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c \u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c \u8fd9\u90e8\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u662f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u6bcf\u4e2a\u81ea\u91cd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u96c5\u8bfa\u4ec0\u00b7 \u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u660e\u786e\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u6dd8\u6c70\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e0d\u5f3a\u3001\u7ecf\u8425\u4e0d\u5584\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u800c\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e3a\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7531\u88c1\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8865\u8d34\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u786c\u6027\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fc1\u5c31\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u8f6f\u5316\u201d\u4e86\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a8\u5411\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u62d3\u6027\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u72ec\u7279\u53c8\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u4f53\u7cfb\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u5957\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\uff08f o rm a l i s e d l a n g u a g e\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u80c3\u53e3\uff1b\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7b80\u7ec3\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c 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\u800c\u592a\u5bbd\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u9608\u503c\u5219\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c \u5bfc\u81f4\u50f5\u5316\u3002\u201d\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u8fc7\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c \u53cd\u800c\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4e0d\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5c16\u9510\u800c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7ebf\u624d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u5171\u7684\u82cf\u7ef4\u57c3\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u6297\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u8a00\u5176\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u5267\u53d8\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u95f4\u63a5\u6697\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6df1\u523b\u91cd\u5efa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5f88\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7ecf\u5e38\u5730\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u5230\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9a\u671f\u6388\u8bfe\u3002<span class=\"s1\">1986 <\/span>\u5e74\u81f3<span class=\"s1\">2002<\/span>\u5e74\u671f\u95f4\uff0c \u4ed6\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u56fd\u5bb6\uff08\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u793e\u79d1\u754c\u540d\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c \u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u201c\u53cd\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57cb\u5934\u53d1\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5386\u7a0b\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f80\u590d\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u660e\u786e\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u6447\u6446\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c \u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\u7684\u5251\u6865\u548c\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u671f\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u671f\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u4e2d\u6b27\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5f80\u590d\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u56e2\u7ed3\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6bd4\u5206\u88c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u89c2\u5bdf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c 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\u4e24\u7bc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u52c7\u6c14\u6307\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff08\u8fd9\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u5e76\u4e0d\u56f0\u96be\uff09 \uff0c \u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4f4d\u80fd\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u6bd4\u957f\u671f\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u957f\u671f\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c \u5f3a\u8c03\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u90fd\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u6027\u76f8\u6096\uff0c \u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5747\u8861\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa<span class=\"s1\">7 0 <\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u5934<span class=\"s1\">10 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c \u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5251\u6865\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4ed6\u90fd\u6beb\u4e0d\u6000\u7591\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f18\u4e8e\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u5728\u4ed6\u5f80\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4ece\u4e8b\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u7528\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c06\u65b0\u4f5c\u54c1\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u4e60\u60ef\u5148\u4ee5\u6bcd\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u4ed6\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4ee5\u82f1\u8bed\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b89\u6392\u8fd0\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u5728<span class=\"s1\">1971<\/span>\u5e74\u548c<span class=\"s1\">1980<\/span>\u5e74\u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u548c\u300a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e00\u5171\u6709<span class=\"s1\">21<\/span>\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7c7b\u5b66\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5f88\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u5f80<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">1 9 8 9 <\/span>\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c \u6211\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u76f8\u8bc6\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e86\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff0c \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u5706\u684c\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u5728<span class=\"s1\">6<\/span>\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f17\u8bae\u9662\u548c\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c \u8fd9\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8f6c\u578b\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u67cf\u6797\u5899\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c \u82cf\u8054\u8fd8\u5728\uff0c \u5c3d\u7ba1\u7531\u4e8e\u6208\u5c14\u5df4\u4e54\u592b\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u52c3\u5217\u65e5\u6d85\u592b\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08 B r e z h n e v D o c t r i n e \uff09 \u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6548\uff0c \u8be5\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u5e0c\u671b\u4f53\u5236\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u82cf\u4e1c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u6b66\u88c5\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u65e9\u5728<span class=\"s1\">2 0 <\/span>\u5e74\u524d\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u9608\u503c\u3002\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u8d6b\u5c14\u8f9b\u57fa\u7684\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08UNU-WIDER\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u662f\u7528\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u5199\u7684\uff0c \u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u7acb\u5373\u5c06\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c \u5e76\u7f16\u8f91\u624b\u7a3f\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u4e66\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa<span class=\"s1\">80<\/span>\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6388\u8bfe\u65f6\u7684\u901f\u8bb0\u7a3f\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e9b\u82f1\u6587\u6388\u8bfe\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a3f\u7684\u526f\u672c\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c \u5728\u4ed6\u6700\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u51fa\u7248\u524d\uff08 \u6307\u7684\u662f1 9 9 2 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f53\u5236\uff1a \u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff08The Socialist System: T h e P o l i t i c a l E c o n o m y o f Communism\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5f55\u7a3f\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u5728<span class=\"s1\">WIDER<\/span>\u7684\u4e24\u5468\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5f88\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c \u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5468\u672b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5929\u4ea4\u8c08\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bba\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u6765\u770b\u5982\u4f55\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ece\u77ed\u671f\u6765\u770b\u6ce2\u5170\u5982\u4f55\u8d70\u51fa\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u901a\u80c0\uff08shortageflation\uff09\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u3002\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\uff0c\u77ed\u7f3a\u901a\u80c0\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff08\u57281976 \u5e74\u52301 9 7 7 \u5e74\u95f4\uff0c \u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u5c14\u6469\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5728\u745e\u5178\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e86\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u5e76\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u201d\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u300a\u77ed\u7f3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb2\u7a3f\u6210\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u7f16\u8f91\u5de5\u4f5c\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5728<span class=\"s1\">WIDER<\/span>\u6211\u6b63\u7814\u7a76\u8f6c\u578b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5728\u90a3\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u6216\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u901a\u80c0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c \u4e5f\u662f\u53d7\u4e86\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u601d\u8def\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8c01\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u6211\u5728\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u2014\u2014 \u6211\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u77ed\u7f3a\u901a\u80c0<span class=\"s1\">1.0<\/span>\u2014\u2014 \u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u77ed\u7f3a\u901a\u80c02.0\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75ab\u60c5\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u77ed\u7f3a\u901a\u80c03.0\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p3\">\u540e\u6765\uff0c \u6211\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u5408\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u3002<span class=\"s1\">2001<\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9080\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u8003\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u540e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5177\u542f\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u8bb2\u5ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3001\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5f88\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u6e29\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u5728\u5305\u62ec\u6ce2\u5170\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u5728<span class=\"s1\">20<\/span>\u5e74\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p1\">\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u89c1\u9762\u662f<span class=\"s1\">2018 <\/span>\u5e74\u5728\u5e03\u8fbe\u4f69\u65af\u79d1\u7ef4\u52aa\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u79d1\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bae\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bae\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e86\u795d\u79d1\u5c14\u5948<span class=\"s1\">90<\/span>\u5c81\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u3002\u6211\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u90a3\u672c\u65e7\u7684\u300a\u53cd\u5747\u8861\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6298\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u4e66\u89d2\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u90a3\u4e9b\u8f7d\u6709\u771f\u77e5\u707c\u89c1\u7684\u9875\u9762\uff0c \u6211\u4e5f\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u4e66\u9898\u8bcd\uff1a\u201c\u81f4\u683c\u96f7\u683c\uff0c \u81f4<span class=\"s1\">1973<\/span>\u5e74\u601d\u60f3\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u8bfb\u8005\u548c<span class=\"s1\">2018<\/span>\u5e74\u66f4\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u3001\u806a\u6167\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u3002\u201d\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8be5\u4e66\u5df2\u7ecf\u9762\u4e16\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u8fd9\u672c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u3001\u4ecd\u7136\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u6127\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5341\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u7684<span class=\"s1\">2007 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u66fe\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u672c\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d8\u52a8\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5386\u7a0b\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u4e2a\u4eba\u5316\u7684\u4e66\uff08\u300a\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff1a\u667a\u8bc6\u4e4b\u65c5\u7684\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u81ea\u4f20\u300b\uff08By Force of Thought: I r r e g u l a r M e m o i r s o f a n Int e l l e c t u a l J o u r n e y\u2014\u2014 \u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff09 \u4e0a\u9898\u8bcd\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a \u201c\u732e\u7ed9\u683c\u96f7\u683c\uff0c\u5e26\u7740\u53cb\u8c0a\u548c\u611f\u6fc0\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u611f\u8c22\u4f60\u5e26\u9886\u6ce2\u5170\u8d70\u5411\u6210\u529f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6210\u529f\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u5938\u5927\u4e86\uff0c \u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c \u4ece\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u53ef\u60b2\u7684\u662f\uff0c \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u62c5\u5fe7\u9762\u5bf9\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u6ce2\u5170\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6210\u529f\u80fd\u5426\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u9752\u5e74\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8054\u76df\uff08Fidesz\uff09\u5728\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u6267\u653f\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u79d1\u5c14\u5948\uff0c\u4ed6\u6beb\u4e0d\u63a9\u9970\u5730\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ed6\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u4e86\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u515a\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\"><span class=\"s1\">2 0 1 8 <\/span>\u5e74\uff0c \u6211\u732e\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u793c\u7269\u662f\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e13\u95e8\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e2a\u573a\u5408\u5199\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5bff\u661f\u516c\u9ad8\u5174\u5730\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u505a\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c \u6211\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u6070\u597d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b0\u4f53\u5236\uff0c \u4ef7\u683c\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u7531\u5316\uff0c \u4f46\u9884\u7b97\u9650\u5236\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u786c\u5316\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent:2em;\" class=\"p2\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c 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